Essay on Optimism and Personality Trait - 1027 Words

Optimism could be considered a condition of the mind that makes one believe that the best things will always happen to them. A common idiom used to illustrate optimism versus pessimism is a glass with water at the halfway point, where the optimist is said to see the glass as half full, but the pessimist sees the glass as half empty. Optimists tend to see adversity as temporary; more specifically they view the obstacle as limited to the situation and not generalized. 1) How does the personality trait develop in humans? Where does it appear to come from? (20 pts) According to Alan Carr, author of Positive Psychology: The Science of Happiness and Human Strengths, â€Å"the development of optimism may be determined by parental mental health, the†¦show more content†¦Parents also reinforce optimism and perseverance by encouraging their children to deal with any type of obstacle in a positive way. Life is full of hurdles but it’s the way we deal with these difficulties that shape our expectations of things. 2) What purpose or function does the trait appear to serve? (20 pts) Optimism can be a powerful tool to motivate people to do things that we might have reservations about. Humans have the intellectual power to look ahead and anticipate any likely outcomes. In our everyday lives we take on numerous tasks a throughout our live whether it is studying for finals, starting a new project at work or starting a new diet. An article by Annie Paul in Psychology Today gave the example of how even an ordinary effort like going on a diet can benefit from dose of optimism. A review of dieting studies show that more than two-thirds of dieters gain back more weight than they initially thought. With such a grim outlook on dieting, optimism gives people the much needed motivation to believe that their goal is achievable (Paul 2011). If you stopped and took a minute to think about how much work you had to put in or how much of a risk you could be taking, you might never even make the attempt. Optimism has such a commanding force that it has the ability to convince you that things will work out just long enough to take the step forward and make an effort to accomplish that task. For example, a student in medical school will put a tremendous amountShow MoreRelatedPositive Thinking And Mental Health1290 Words   |  6 Pagesthese Positive thinking mechanisms are optimism, personality, self-esteem, self-evaluation, thought and thinking. These mechanisms are formed to create an individualistic way of thinking which causes an individual to embrace their own imperfections while still setting standards and goals for themselves. The benefits of positive thinking in some cases prolong death for individuals who are suffering from a particular illness such as cancer. In the article â€Å"Optimism, Social Support, and Mental Health OutcomesRead MoreCharacteristics Of Optimism And Pessimism738 Words   |  3 PagesOptimism and pessimism are personality traits relevant in the lives of every individual. Research of the two is an escalating field; there have been more analyses on the effects of it in the last seven years than in the previous twenty. Martin Seligman is known as the father of positive psychology and believes optimism is seen as reacting to problems with a sense of confidence and strong personal ability. Particularly, optimists think negative events are momentary and controllable. On the other handRead MoreThe Glass Half Empty Or Half Full? Optimism Essay946 Words   |  4 PagesIs the glass half-empty or half full? Optimism, the outlook towards the glass half full, gives the inclination towards the positive outlook of events and circumstances and defines the attitude of an individual. Whether the situation is pleasant or unpleasant, on optimist will take a hopeful, positive spin on it, expecting a decent outcome. Does possessing an optimistic trait affect the performance of a task in such a way to improve upon it and does it have something to do with confidence of anRead MorePersonal Philosophy Essay 873 Words   |à ‚  3 Pagestasks and challenges that were meant to change the way my personality tree has grown. School, friendship, losses, and gains have formed the clay I call my life and I am grateful for what my life has cooked up for me. These challenges have shown me what matters the most in life and what matters the least. More importantly they have shaped the way my personality is put into context today. Many people, famous or not, share the many personality traits and ideals I cherish and show every day. Many of themRead MoreThe Health Of Health Care983 Words   |  4 Pagesemphasis of healthy personality traits or behaviors. It also emphasizes that people are able to demonstrate positive personality traits in society that can overlap or even replace negative labels. These demonstrations happen through social institutions. And social institutions are what give order to society, as well as structure, and demonstrate a system of behaviors from each individual within that institution (Social Institutions). Some of these behaviors or personality traits may include responsibilityRead MorePsychometric Evaluation Of A New Measure Of Dispositional Optimism936 Words   |  4 PagesPsychometric Evaluation of a New Measure of Dispositional Optimism Dispositional optimism (DO) is a psychological construct defined as the tendency to have positive expectations about the future [CITE]. DO is considered a relatively stable trait, and is based upon the expectancy-value theory of motivation [CITE fishbein]. The theory suggests that an individual’s confidence in their ability to succeed (expectancy) and the predicted benefits of completing a task (value) determine the strength of theirRead MoreHealthcare Cost Essay1074 Words   |  5 Pagescoping skills associated with high stress tolerance. The independent variables in this study are personality measures: optimism, pessimism or both and coping skills. The dependent variables will be the number of: medical visits, medications taken, upper respiratory infections and missed work days by an individual, as disclosed by the individual. Source Articles Source 1 Baker, S. (2007). Dispositional optimism and health status, symptoms and behaviours: assessing idiothetic relationships using a prospectiveRead More Stress Affects Everybody Differently Essay1128 Words   |  5 Pagesidea behind this mediating process of coping is repeated later in this paper when coping ability is considered a personality trait by a study by the University of Utah. Moderating factors, as well as mediating processes, influence the strength of individuals stress responses induced by stressors. The main moderating factor is the personality traits of the individuals. Hardiness is a trait associated with stress resistance, which consists of control (belief in people that they can influence theirRead MoreUse of Self: Impact of Past Experiences on Future Practice1162 Words   |  5 Pagesndividual Personality Attributes My main personality traits drawn from impacts of previous experiences include introversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness, openness, optimism and anxiety. Introversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness and openness to experiences are apart of the Big Five Personality Factors established by Goldberg (1990). Introversion describes an individual who is reserved, quiet and timid which I believe I am in a large amount of circumstances characterised by my tendencyRead MoreAre Leaders Made or Are Leaders Born?772 Words   |  4 Pagescharacteristics are innate and are part of one’s personality and therefore, one cannot learn to develop such character traits. The first trait is optimism or having an optimistic outlook, always focusing on the possibilities. With this disposition, one believes that challenges can be overcome and they can forge ahead. The second trait is what he calls ego or self-assurance. Another term that comes to mind is self-efficacy. A person with this trait has a strong belief in himself. Self-assurance

The Negative Effects Of Standardized Testing - 871 Words

The Negative Effects of Standardized Testing The purpose of the No Child Left Behind Act is designed to close the achievement gap between high/low performing children and improve/strengthen accountability amongst schools (Department of Education). As a result, the Department of Education has implemented a sanctions and rewards system, stipulated in the No Child Left behind Act. If schools do not perform according to the act, funding will be withdrawn, teachers and administrators could get laid off, and potential closure of schools. In order to receive federal school funding, states must furnish standardized tests to all students at selected grade levels. However, standardization is corrupting the education process by teachers altering the structures of lessons, cheating amongst schools, and utilizing inefficient methods to connect with students during the teaching process. In order to close achievement gaps between high and low performing students, teachers spend more time â€Å"teaching to test†, standardized tests do not cover subjects such as arts, music, social studies, spelling to name a few. Schools put more time and effort in those subjects being tested, like reading, writing and math (Berler 8). Due to high-stakes tests and the NCLB legislation of holding teachers accountable; teachers are spending more time training students, rather than educating them (Nichols Berliner 12). Policy makers, school administrators and educators continually support multiple choiceShow MoreRelatedNegative Effects Of Standardized Testing745 Words   |  3 PagesThe Negative Aspects of Standardized Testing Standardized testing is a topic that has been discussed for multiple years, among students, teachers, and many government officials. Standardized testing has been around for more than 150 years. Proposed by Horace Mann, standardized testing was a more appropriate way of testing a student’s ability than the oral exams (Gershon). Standardized testing is â€Å"any form of test that requires all test takers to answer the same questions, or a selectionRead MoreThe Negative Effects Of Standardized Testing1193 Words   |  5 Pagesnow, standardized testing has been at the forefront of all education and is part of the reason students dread going to school. Although standardized testing has become a significant part of our education, it does have a negative impact on the effectiveness of the instruction we are getting. This topic is essential to many because the use of these such tests are damaging our education system. The question most familiar to students and many others, is why we are subject to standardized testing? SomeRead MoreNegative Effects Of Standardized Testing1925 Words   |  8 PagesStandardized Testing Bob Schaeffer, a public education director once said, You don’t make a sheep fatter by weighing them more often. (Nagourney, 2) This represents the process of Standardized Testing and one of the risks it causes; testing too often. Standardized Testing is a process where all students take the same kind of test with similar questions all addressing the same subjects and are scored in a consistent way as groups or as individuals. Standardized testing has brought nothing but negativeRead MoreThe Negative Effects Of Standardized Testing1120 Words   |  5 Pagesto the adverse effects of standardized testing.† Testing has evolved over time from basic reading, writing, and arithmetic to curriculum based on standardized testing such as the ACT, SAT, and TCAP. Many years ago, students did not have to take as many tests, and there were not as many opportunities for different types of classes. Schools have evolved as standardized test evolved, and this has forced teachers to evolv e as well. As time progressed, the frequency of these standardized test increasedRead MoreNegative Effects Of Standardized Testing In Schools1859 Words   |  8 Pagesprocess of Standardized Testing and one of the risks it causes; testing too often. Standardized Testing is a process where all students take the same kind of test with similar questions all addressing the same subjects and scored in a consistent way as groups or as individuals. Standardized Testing has brought nothing but negative effects to schools since its commencement. Standardized testing in schools has been around since the 1920 s starting with the SAT. There are many risks in Standardized TestingRead MoreStandardized Testing Has a Negative Effect on American Youth Essay1133 Words   |  5 Pagesprogram or simply thrust onto the battlefield. High stakes were placed on this test 93 years ago; high stakes are placed on tests modeled after them today. The standardized achievement tests commonly used in schools tod ay evolved from the Army Alphas developed by the American Psychological Association. This is precisely the problem. Standardized tests are old and outdated, and the harm they cause to America’s education system by far out-weighs the benefits. These tests were intended to monitor and offerRead MoreStandardized Tests : Standardized Testing963 Words   |  4 PagesOct 2015 Standardized Testing in Florida In recent years Florida’s standardized testing program has taken a turn for the worst. After doing away with the FCAT (Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test) the debate has only grown due to flood of new tests being created such as the Florida Standards Assessment (FSA) or End of Course Exam (EOC). These tests are administered to test students’ abilities at the end of the school year. In spring of 2015, with only two months of testing between the EOC’sRead More The Negative Impact of High Stakes Standardized Testing1191 Words   |  5 PagesStandardized testing is not a new concept; it has been in use since the mid to late 1990’s. However the â€Å"high stakes† focus on standardized testing is. The practices that accompany standardized testing have long been in debate. Those in favor of standardized testing will argue that the testing creates a system that increases grades and accountability among teachers, students and school districts across th e country. On the other hand those that oppose standardized testing will argue the ill effectsRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Standardized Testing794 Words   |  4 Pageswhy school testing should happen more frequently and why parents and teachers should be less fearful of standardized tests. For educators and parents, testing means standardized testing: a tool wielded by politicians and administrators to terrify children and teachers. When cognitive psychologists hear the word testing, they think immediately of the testing effect — one of the best learning strategies. In this quote, the authors make a separation between testing and standardized testing. They bringRead MoreHigh School Graduation Rate Is The United States861 Words   |  4 Pageshave contemplated why this dramatic change has occurred, and who, or what is to blame. Looking more in depth at standardized testing, and examining educator, parent, and student viewpoints in the areas of pressure, awareness, and kfgn dfng can give us negative and positive viewpoints, and a possible answer to this controversial question. Through the eyes of the educator, standardized testing comes with major pressure and fear. According to a study done by the National Education Association, who surveyed

Identity and Evaluate Marketing Opportunities in Toyota

Question: Discuss about theIdentity and Evaluate Marketing Opportunities in Toyota. Answer: Introduction Toyota Motor Corporation introduced its first United States-based products, Carona, in 1965. After becoming very popular in 1970, the Corporation started manufacturing vehicles. From then onwards, it has been among the leading manufacturers of vehicles in the US. Toyota became the number one manufacturer and seller of vehicles in 2008, and this was just the beginning of its success. Current Markets Toyota is found in all countries across the world. It has segmented its market in at least two main ways. Its first market is denoted by demographic features. In this market segment, Toyota targets the family. Individuals who belong to the upper middle-high-income view this corporation as the only source of great cars. The company has designed Parado, Camry, and Land Cruiser to members of this market segment who have both the power and will power to buy them. The second market segment is denoted by the psychographic segment. This is a market segment that includes people of the high class. These people have a sporty attitude and high income. They find Toyota models such as Toyota Alis Sport and Toyota Fortuner as their perfect match. These cars improve and exhilarate their sense and passion for sports (Hudson, 2015). Findings: Opportunities to Enter New Markets Toyota continues to succeed today because of its ability to exploit most of the marketing opportunities that it has. However, its success can also be attributed to the ability of the executives to deal properly with the current internal and external threats. There are two main opportunities that Toyota needs to exploit to enter new markets. The first one is technological innovation. There are several opportunities in this area that Toyota needs to deal with to increase its market share. The companys products are the most innovative ones in the current market. The Prius best illustrates this. Nevertheless, the corporation should increase RD investment to boost its competitive advantage. In today's automotive industry this is critical as competitors are always on the lookout for better innovation methods (Toyota Motor Corporation, 2015; Stewart Raman, 2007). Another great opportunity is sustainability. This element is of great concern to all industries today. In the car manufacturing industry, in particular, it centers on fuel economy and the environment effect of their business operations. Toyota has the capacity to develop new engines so as to enhance the fuel economy of all of its new and old products. By improving the efficiency of the engine of its trucks, it can expand its market across the world. This single action can also help the corporation to address many of its environmental concerns. The industry is yearning for more efficient business processes (U.S. Department of Commerce, 2015). If can exploit these opportunities, it will be able to improve its brand image, customer loyalty as well as customer perception. However, for this to work, Toyota has to improve its diversification. Today, it has an incredibly low level of diversification. Since the vast majority of its businesses are in the automobile market, Toyota should focus here. A small drop in its performance in this market can affect its operations significantly (Lowry, 2014). For this reason, it can diversify its operations as a way to reduce such risks. One way it can implement this strategy is to invest more in developing heavy machinery and robotics. In this way, the company successfully distributes its business to many industries, and this makes it possible to secure its investment capital. Without this capital, it is impossible to expand its markets. Recommendations Toyota needs to take action to address these opportunities. Without that, it can fall prey to threats such as the rise of fuel prices, aggressive competition, and new entrants. The aim of taking these steps is to prevent competitors from taking its market share. Besides, the company wants to expand. Toyota needs to implement product-oriented management. Through this, it will be able to meet the needs of different areas of its operations. The right away to realize this is to customize its operations and services so as to address different demands of its customers. Consequently, the company will be able to increase its ability to meet the needs of its customers. Consequently, Toyota will enjoy a higher competitiveness. This action, for that matter, addresses the threat of cut-throat competition and that of new entrants into the industry (Toyota Motor Corporation, 2015). In addition, Toyota needs to implement more aggressive improvements in technologies and skills urgently. It can achieve this by improving its product designs for enhanced efficiency. Additionally, it involves better technologies that staff use to accomplish their duties. This action solves the threat of rising fuel process and aggressive competition. In the end, it ensures that Toyota can expand in new regions where its competitors have no resources to reach. References Hudson, D. (2015, January 8). The President Speaks About Americas Auto Industry the Heartbeat of American Manufacturing. The White House. Lowry, W. (2014).A must-know investors guide to Toyota Motor Corporation (TM) Stewart, T. A., Raman, A, P. (2007).Lessons from Toyotas Long Drive.Harvard Business Review. Toyota Motor Corporation (2015). Toyotas Financial Performance. Toyota Motor Corporation (2015). Toyotas Strategy for Environmental Technologies. U.S. Department of Commerce (2015).The Automotive Industry in the United States. Select USA.

Religions of Mesoamerica

Definition and Use of Strikethrough

Definition and Use of Strikethrough A strikethrough is a horizontal line drawn through text, used to indicate the deletion of an error or the removal of text in a draft. If your work is edited or proofed professionally on paper, understanding common revision and editing symbols and abbreviations will help you process the suggested changes. Strikethroughs are used to recommend the deletion of material in traditional editing processes.In modern social-media contexts, a strikethrough thats shown is sometimes used ironically.In some technical contexts, the history of document changes, including struck passages, serves a valuable public purpose. Conventional Uses of Strikethroughs In document editing, both by hand and through computer-aided editing, a strikethrough conveys the editors intent that the material in question ought to be deleted. A strikethrough is a basic copyediting symbol; in ink-on-paper proofreading, a strikethrough is accompanied by a loop at the end of the line to signify deletion. Editing using the track-changes feature in Microsoft Word, by contrast, indicates the deletion through the use of a red strikethrough. When you revise the document using Words reviewing tools, youll either accept or reject the proposed deletion. If you accept it, the struck text vanishes; if you reject it, the strikethrough vanishes and the text remains as-is.   When you encounter strikethroughs in documents that display in black, it suggests that someone intends an edit but isnt using the Track Changes feature. Public Use Cases for Strikethroughs Beyond the one-to-one document editing, the strikethrough can serve as a public record of changes, reflecting who made what revision at what time. The use of sophisticated version-control systems like Git, Subversion, or Mercurial allow people to change a document (usually with symbols that resemble a Track Changes project, including strikethroughs), but each change is captured with a version record that can be viewed over time. For example, Washington, D.C. publishes city laws using a service called Github. Anyone can view the districts complete set of regulations, including noting what changes were made at specific dates. One author proposed a minor typographic tweak to the districts online laws - a change that the D.C. legal administrator accepted. Not many municipalities, let alone other governmental agencies or public corporations, publish their official documents in this manner, but if more people did, it might enhance transparency and public engagement. Alternative Uses of Strikethroughs Online communication sometimes uses these strikethroughs to communicate, usually with intended humorous irony, that the non-stricken language is official and the text with a strike-through represents the writers genuine, unfiltered opinion. In this context, the strikethrough isnt actually a proofreading symbol, but rather a line through the text. In Microsoft Word or Microsoft Outlook, you can apply a strikethrough (or a double-strikethrough) effect on text without invoking any sort of editing tools. You can even color it red to mimic a track-changes edit. This alternative use of strike-through text: Is intended to be viewedReflects an opinion that shouldnt be expressed using that wordingCan sometimes lightly veil an insultHas nothing to do with document editing Youll see this alternative approach most often in blog postings and social media, where the implied snark is more accepted than it might be in formal business contexts.

New Business Start Up Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

New Business Start Up - Essay Example As they are planning to introduce a totally new product and brand to consumers, they are anxious about the consumers' response and reaction. For that detailed survey was carried out. It must be notified that Radiant Co. products target skin conscious people of upper middle and upper class. Sample size focused on age groups of 15 onwards. The Survey primarily focused on age level between 15-25 because sun protection and beauty conscious people are mostly found in this age group. But other age groups were also explored to know their behavior. In the soap market many brands dominate the scene, making their presence felt in one way or the other either through aggressive advertising or promotional schemes. LUX dominates the soap market through its outstanding market share, as supported by the survey result its market domination is 51%. LUX with periodical revitalization of its brand has kept the product in the British for a long period of time. Therefore, LUX appears to be the major competition for Hibuty in the soap industry, especially when one of its soap is providing sunscreen formula as an additive feature. Next stands SAFEGUARD, with 23% market share. SAFEGUARD is gaining a lot of popularity as a medicated soap fighting germ all- round -the- clock. There is a future threat to Hibuty of its emerging as a new competitor, although not a direct one as SAFEGUARD presents itself as medicated rather a sun protective soap. Other soaps include Nivea Milk, English Lavender, Safeguard, Lifebouy and Dove. Most Influencing Factors in Soap Purchasing The major influencing factor of potential Hibuty customers, in making their purchasing decision for soap is GOOD QUALITY. 60% of the market gives performance of the soap a priority when buying it. Second most influencing factor determining their soap purchasing decision is brand loyalty with 25% of the market getting affected by it. Third factor being again brand loyalty (23%), fourth most influencing factor is easy availability (30%); fifth most affecting factor is less price (36.5%). Least most influencing factor is status of soap marked as imported (50%). Survey reveals that soap purchasing decision in not at very much influenced by foreign status of the soap. The survey shows that there is opportunity for any soap that offer good quality at reasonable price, potential customers of Hibuty are not very price conscious as they consider LESS PRICE option among the least influencing factors list. Commonly found skin type Survey purports that most common skin type found is oily with 40% of the customers having it. Normal skin types consist of 32% of the market, t-zone or combination skin (13%), sensitive (5%). Preference of fragrance in

What is ethnicity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

What is ethnicity - Essay Example Certainly, they often co-exist and it is hardly uncommon that the latter be invoked by the former but, both contemporary and historical events evidence the fact that nationalism can be independent from the nation.2 Not only may feelings of nationalism precede the geo-political realization of the nation, as in the case of Palestine or Kurdistan but it often survives the demise of the nation, as in the case of Armenia, to name but one example. While some scholars have disputed the separation between nationalism and the nation, others have maintained it to be an undeniable reality which is influenced by the ethnic roots of nationalism. Pending the presentation of definitions for both the nation and nationalism, through reference to several examples, this essay will show that nationalism is more ethnic-based than it is nation-based. Some political scientists maintain that nationalism and the nation are inseparable contrasts, wherein the one cannot exist without the other. This is precisely the argument forwarded by Seymour (1999), a political scholar. As he argues, defining the concept of nationalism without first defining that of the nation is nothing other than a futile and impossible undertaking. The nation must first be defined and to this end, Seymour proposes the following definition: "a sovereign state founded upon the will of the people," and an area which a people of specific ethnic origin claims to be theirs and are prepared to defend this claim against any aggression.3 The nation, in other words, is defined in specific geopolitical terms and refers to a well-defined geographic space. That space invokes nationalism, or feelings of pride, often even defensiveness when real or imagined threats are perceived. When invoked by real or imagined threats, whether internal, as in emanating from within that spac e, or external, as in emerging from without it, nationalism tends to assume an ethnic undertone. In such instance, the nationalism becomes ethno-nationalism, leading to the redefinition of the nation in ethnic terms.4 The implication here is that not only are the concepts of the nation and nationalism inextricably linked but that the invocation of nationalist sentiments, of nationalism, is dependant upon the existence of the nation. Should one reflect upon Seymour's definition and argument, however, one will find that it is somewhat self-contradictory. On the one hand, it maintains that nationalism can only be invoked by the nation, following which it proceeds to define the nation as a concrete geopolitical entity. On the other hand, however, it argues that when the nation, that concrete geopolitical entity, is exposed to threat, not only does nationalism become ethno-nationalism but that the nation itself is redefined along ethnic lines. The implication here is that the core of nationalism is not the nation but is ethnicity which, at the same time, is the center-force of the nation. This is precisely the argument forwarded by May, Modood and Squires (2005). As may be inferred from their argument, nations are formed by ethnic communities and are founded upon ethnicity, wherein nationalism becomes the celebration of a particular ethnic or religious group and the nation the space which protects and sustains this g roup. 5 Israel is a case in point. As Yiftachel (2006) points out, Jewish nationalism, sometimes referred to as Zionism, preceded formation of the Jewish nation and, indeed, the nation was predicated upon pre-existing nationalism6 and not, as Seymour (1999) argues,